CATALOGING METADATA EXAMPLES RDA AACR2 LCSH LCC DDC MARC-21 BIBFRAME MODS DUBLIN CORE

Bibliographic and Authority record examples of cataloging (cataloguing) with Resource Description and Access (RDA), Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH), Library of Congress Classification (LCC), Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC), MARC 21, BIBFRAME (Bibliographic Framework), Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules (AACR2), ISBD, MODS, Dublin Core, etc.

Contents

Featured Library Cataloging Example
Cataloging and Metadata Terminology
Cataloging Examples of Bibliographic and Authority Records

Cataloging Example of a monograph (book): RDA, MARC 21, LCC, LCSH, DDC

Cataloging Examples of Relationship Designators in Authority Records
MARC Bibliographic and RDA Rules Instructions and Examples
MARC Authority and RDA Rules Instructions and Examples
FAQ on Authorized Access Points for Collections of the Works of Individual Agents and Works of Unknown Responsibility that Purport to be by an Individual Agent
Subject Cataloging Examples
Cataloging News and Updates
References

Note

This article can be viewed best on a desktop or a laptop.
This list of cataloging examples is under development. Gradually we will be adding new examples to this collection.

Beinecke Rare Book & Manuscript Library, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States

FEATURED LIBRARY CATALOGING EXAMPLE

Cataloging Example of a monograph/book/volume/text: RDA, MARC 21, LCC, LCSH, DDC, MODS, ISBD

Survey of Emerging Cataloging Practices : Use of RDA by Academic Libraries / by Salman Haider & Primary Research Group Staff. - New York : Primary Research Group, 2016. (111 pages ; 28 cm.). ISBN: 9781574403831.

MARC FIELD TAG	MARC 21 FIELD	INDICATORS	DATA RECORDED
000	Leader		01499cam a22003975i 4500
001	Control Number		21035302
005	Date and Time of Latest Transaction		20190626080219.0
008	Fixed-Length Data Elements		190626t20162016nyua 000 0 eng d
010	Library of Congress Control Number		\|a 2019295036
016	National Bibliographic Agency Control Number	7_	\|a 017845848 \|2 Uk
020	International Standard Book Number		\|a 1574403834
020	International Standard Book Number		\|a 9781574403831
035	System Control Number		\|a (OCoLC)ocn949911758
040	Cataloging Source		\|a YDXCP \|b eng \|c YDXCP \|e rda \|d IQU \|d BTCTA \|d OCLCF \|d HLS \|d OCLCQ \|d HUL \|d UKMGB \|d DLC
042	Authentication Code		\|a lccopycat
050	Library of Congress Call Number	00	\|a Z694.15.R47 \|b H35 2016
082	Dewey Decimal Classification Number	04	\|a 025.32 \|2 23
100	Main Entry--Personal Name	1_	\|a Haider, Salman, \|e author.
245	Title Statement	10	\|a Survey of emerging cataloging practices : \|b use of RDA by academic libraries / \|c by Salman Haider and Primary Research Group Staff.
264	Production, Publication, Distribution, Manufacture, and Copyright Notice	_1	\|a New York : \|b Primary Research Group, \|c [2016]
264	Production, Publication, Distribution, Manufacture, and Copyright Notice	_4	\|c ©2016
300	Physical Description	__	\|a 111 pages : \|b illustrations ; \|c 28 cm
336	Content Type	__	\|a text \|b txt \|2 rdacontent
337	Media Type	__	\|a unmediated \|b n \|2 rdamedia
338	Carrier Type	__	\|a volume \|b nc \|2 rdacarrier
630	Subject Added Entry-Uniform Title	00	\|a Resource description & access.
650	Subject Added Entry - Topical Term	_0	\|a Academic libraries.
650	Subject Added Entry - Topical Term	_0	\|a Descriptive cataloging \|v Rules.
630	Subject Added Entry-Uniform Title	07	\|a Resource description & access. \|2 fast \|0 (OCoLC)fst01791077
650	Subject Added Entry - Topical Term	_7	\|a Academic libraries. \|2 fast \|0 (OCoLC)fst00794997
650	Subject Added Entry - Topical Term	_7	\|a Descriptive cataloging. \|2 fast \|0 (OCoLC)fst00891123
655	Index Term-Genre/Form	_7	\|a Rules. \|2 fast \|0 (OCoLC)fst01423857
710	Added Entry-Corporate Name	2_	\|a Primary Research Group, \|e author, \|e issuing body.

Screenshots of Catalog Records

OCLC WorldCat

British Library

Library of Congress

Library of Congress - MODS Record

University of Chicago

Harvard University

New York Public Library, New York, United States

CATALOGING AND METADATA TERMINOLOGY

Some important cataloging and metadata terms are described in brief below. These are taken from the Glossary of Library and Information Science. Visit the glossary to get the links and description of the original articles and also to see other terms required for a better understanding of cataloguing.

Access Point - Access Point refers to a name, term, code, heading, word, phrase etc., a unit of information representing a specific entity that can serve as a search key in information retrieval, under which a library catalog or bibliographic database may be searched and library materials may be identified and retrieved. In a catalog, index, or other organized systems some examples of access points are, author, title, name (person, family, corporate body, etc.), subjects (topical, geographical, etc.), classification or call number, and codes such as ISBN, etc. which are chosen by the cataloger or indexer, when creating a bibliographic, authority, or metadata record (a surrogate), to enable the retrieval of the record. In modern cataloging using advanced Integrated Library Systems (ILS), the machine-readable cataloging, almost any portion of the catalog record can serve as an access point. The advanced search of the Online Public Access Catalogs provides many options as access points.

Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules (AACR, AACR2, AACR2R) - Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules (AACR) is the essential international cataloguing code used for descriptive cataloging of various types of information resources by libraries in the United States, Great Britain, Canada, and Australia as well as in many other countries. It was first developed in 1967 and updated regularly until 2005. The revisions and updates of the standard are referred to as AACR2. The second edition of Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules (AACR2) is the most widely used cataloging code, designed for use in the construction of catalogs and other lists in general libraries of all sizes. AACR2 comprise a detailed set of rules and guidelines for producing metadata in a surrogate record to represent a library resource. The rules cover the standard description of areas like, the title, publisher, edition, series, etc., as well as the provision of choice and form of access points (headings) for all materials which a library may hold or to which it may have access, including books, serials, cartographic materials, electronic resources, etc. AACR also provides rules for the formulation of standard forms of names and titles to provide access to and grouping of those descriptions. AACR2 standardized cataloging and ensured consistency within the catalog and between the catalogs of libraries using the same code in describing the physical attributes of library materials identically. AACR marked a shift from the previous cataloging rules, which were criticized for being too detailed, complex, and mere compilations of rules to handle specific bibliographic cases. Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules are considered as the most important advances in English-language codes for descriptive cataloging during the twentieth century.

Authority Record - Authority Record is a record which gives the authoritative form (the form selected for a heading) of a personal name, corporate name, family name, place name, uniform or preferred title, series title, subject, etc. in the library catalog or the file of bibliographic records, and are listed in an authority file containing headings of library items. To ensure consistency, an authority record is created for each authorized heading (authorized access point) for a proper name or a subject, etc. An authority record is made when a heading is established, i.e., authorized for use as the main entry (preferred title and, if appropriate, the authorized access point for the creator), an added entry, or subject entry, for the first time, while cataloging of a library item. Authority record may be in a printed or machine-readable form.

BIBFRAME - BIBFRAME (Bibliographic Framework) is a data model for bibliographic description. BIBFRAME was designed to replace the MARC standards, and to use linked data principles to make bibliographic data more useful both within and outside the library community. The MARC Standards, which BIBFRAME seeks to replace, were developed by Henriette Avram at the US Library of Congress during the 1960s. By 1971, MARC formats had become the national standard for dissemination of bibliographic data in the United States, and the international standard by 1973. In a provocatively titled 2002 article, library technologist Roy Tennant argued that "MARC Must Die", noting that the standard was old; used only within the library community; and designed to be a display, rather than a storage or retrieval format. A 2008 report from the Library of Congress wrote that MARC is "based on forty-year-old techniques for data management and is out of step with programming styles of today." In 2012, the Library of Congress announced that it had contracted with Zepheira, a data management company, to develop a linked data alternative to MARC. Later that year, the library announced a new model called MARC Resources (MARCR). That November, the library released a more complete draft of the model, renamed BIBFRAME. The Library of Congress released version 2.0 of BIBFRAME in 2016.

Cataloging - Cataloging or Library Cataloging is the process of creating and maintaining bibliographic and authority records of the library catalog, the database of books, serials, sound recordings, moving images, cartographic materials, computer files, e-resources etc. that are owned by a library. The catalog may be in tangible form, such as a card catalog or in electronic form, such as online public access catalog (OPAC). The process of cataloging involves two major activities, viz. Descriptive Cataloging and Subject Cataloging. In Descriptive Cataloging, we describe details of library resources, such as the name of creator(s), contributor(s), titles, edition, publication, distribution, date, physical description, series etc. Two popular standards for Descriptive Cataloging are Anglo-American Cataloging Rules (AACR) and its successor Resource Description and Access (RDA). Subject cataloging involves subject analysis of the resource and assignment of classification numbers using schemes such as Library of Congress Classification (LCC) or Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC) and providing subject headings using schemes such as Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH).

Descriptive Cataloging - Descriptive Cataloging includes recording the attributes of a library item, such as the name of author(s), contributor(s), title, edition, publisher, distributor, date, the number of pages, its size, name of series, etc. Descriptive Cataloging enables the user to find and identify a book, by the name of the author, the title, variant titles, etc. Two popular standards for Descriptive Cataloging are Anglo-American Cataloging Rules (AACR) and its successor Resource Description and Access (RDA).

Extended Date Time Format (EDTF) - The Extended Date/Time Format (EDTF) is a draft date-time standard initiated by the Library of Congress with the intention of creating more explicit date formatting and addressing date types that are not currently regulated by ISO 8601. The date time format ISO 8601 describes a number of date/time features, some of which are redundant and/or not very useful, on the other hand, there are a number of date and time format conventions in common use that are not included in ISO 8601. EDTF responds to a need for a date/time string more expressive than ISO 8601 can support. Current suggestions for additions are being noted and discussed within the EDTF community with the intention of formalizing the EDTF as an ISO 8601 amendment or as an extension to other Web-based date standards. EDTF defines features to be supported in a date/time string, features considered useful for a wide variety of applications.

Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (FRBR) - Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (FRBR /ˈfɜːrbər/) is a conceptual entity-relationship model developed by the International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions (IFLA) that relates user tasks of retrieval and access in online library catalogs and bibliographic databases from a user’s perspective. It represents a more holistic approach to retrieval and access as the relationships between the entities provide links to navigate through the hierarchy of relationships. The model is significant because it is separate from specific cataloging standards such as Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules (AACR) or International Standard Bibliographic Description (ISBD).

Library Classification - Classification or Library Classification or Book Classification or Bibliographic Classification is the process of arranging, grouping, coding, and organizing books and other library materials (e.g. serials, sound recordings, moving images, cartographic materials, manuscripts, computer files, e-resources etc.) on shelves or entries of a catalog, bibliography, and index according to their subject in a systematic, logical, and helpful order by way of assigning them call numbers using a library classification system, so that users can find them as quickly and easily as possible. Call number consists of a class number providing class designation, a book number providing author representation, and a collection number denoting the collection to which it belongs. In ordinary classification, we deal with the arrangement of ideas and the objects in a systematic order. But in library classification, we are concerned with documents, and the aim is to arrange these in the most helpful and permanent order. Similar to knowledge classification systems, bibliographic classification systems group entities that are similar and related together typically arranged in a hierarchical tree-type structure (assuming non-faceted system; a faceted classification system allows the assignment of multiple classifications to an object, enabling the classifications to be ordered in multiple ways).

Library of Congress Classification - The Library of Congress Classification (LCC) is a system of library classification developed by the Library of Congress. It was developed in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries to organize and arrange the book collections of the Library of Congress. Over the course of the twentieth century, the system was adopted for use by other libraries as well, especially large academic libraries in the United States. It is currently one of the most widely used library classification systems in the world. The Library's Policy and Standards Division maintains and develops the system. In recent decades, as the Library of Congress made its records available electronically through its online catalog, more libraries have adopted LCC for both subject cataloging as well as shelflisting. There are several classification schemes in use worldwide. Besides LCC, the other popular ones among them are Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC), Universal Decimal Classification (UDC), and Bliss Bibliographic Classification (BC). Out of these, DDC and LCC are the classification systems which are most commonly used in libraries. The potential of Library of Congress Classification (LCC) system is yet to be explored in libraries. This article describes the various aspects of LCC and its suitability as a library classification system for classifying library resources. The Library of Congress was established in 1800 when the American legislatures were preparing to move from Philadelphia to the new capital city of Washington, D.C. Its earliest classification system was by size and, within each size group, by accession number. First recorded change in the arrangement of the collection appeared in the library’s third catalog, issued in 1808, which showed added categories for special bibliographic forms such as legal documents and executive papers. On the night of August 24, 1814, during the war of 1812, British soldiers set fire to the Capitol, and most of the Library of Congress’s collections were destroyed. Sometimes after, Thomas Jefferson offered to sell to Congress his personal library; subsequently, in 1815, the Congress purchased Jefferson’s personal library of 6,487 books. The books arrived already classified by Jefferson’s own system. The library adopted this system and used it with some modifications until the end of the nineteenth century. Library of Congress moved to a new building in 1897. By this time, the Library’s collection had grown to one and a half million volumes and it was decided that Jefferson’s classification system was no longer adequate for the collection. A more detailed classification scheme was required for such a huge and rapidly growing collection of documents. The Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC), Cutter’s Expansive Classification and the German Halle Schema were studied, but none was considered suitable. It was decided to construct a new system to be called the Library of Congress Classification (LCC). James C.M. Hanson, Head of the Catalog Division, and Charles Martel, Chief Classifier, were made responsible for developing the new scheme. Hanson and Martel concluded that the new classification should be based on Cutter’s Expansive Classification⁴ as a guide for the order of classes, but with a considerably modified notation. Work on the new classification began in 1901. The first outline of the Library of Congress Classification was published in 1904 by Charles Martel and J.C.M. Hanson – the two fathers of Library of Congress Classification. Class Z (Bibliography and Library Science) was chosen to be the first schedule to be developed. The next schedules, E-F (American history and geography), were developed. But E-F were the first schedules to be published, in 1901, followed by Z in 1902. Other schedules were progressively developed. Each schedule of LCC contains an entire class, a subclass, or a group of subclasses. The separate schedules were published in print volumes, as they were completed. All schedules were published by 1948, except the Class K (Law). The first Law schedule—the Law of United States, was published in 1969, and the last of the Law schedules to publish was KB—Religious law, which appeared in 2004. From the beginning, individual schedules of LCC have been developed and maintained by subject experts. Such experts continue to be responsible for additions and changes in LCC. The separate development of individual schedules meant that, unlike other classification systems, LCC was not the product of one mastermind; indeed, LCC has been called “a coordinated series of special classes”. Until the early 1990s, LCC schedules existed mainly as a print product. The conversion of LCC to machine-readable form began in 1993 and was completed in 1996. The conversion to electronic form was done using USMARC (now called MARC21) Classification Format. This was a very important development for LCC, as it enabled LCC to be consulted online and much more efficient production of the print schedules. In the year 2013, the Library of Congress announced a transition to online-only publication of its cataloging documentation, including the Library of Congress Classification. It was decided, the Library’s Cataloging Distribution Service (CDS) will no longer print new editions of its subject headings, classification schedules, and other cataloging publications. The Library decided to provide free downloadable PDF versions of LCC schedules. For users desiring enhanced functionality, the Library’s two web-based subscription services, Cataloger’s Desktop and Classification Web will continue as products from CDS. Classification Web is a web-based tool for LCC and LCSH. It supports searching and browsing of the LCC schedules and provides links to the respective tables to build the class numbers for library resources. LC has also developed training materials on the principles and practices of LCC and made those available for free on its website.

Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH) - Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH) is the list of headings produced from the subject authority file maintained by the United States Library of Congress for use in bibliographic records. It is popularly known by its abbreviation as LCSH and is sometimes used interchangeably with the phrase subject authority file. LCSH is a multidisciplinary vocabulary that includes headings in all subjects, from science to religion, to history, social science, education, literature, and philosophy. It also includes headings for geographic features, ethnic groups, historical events, building names, etc. Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH) is the most widely used subject vocabulary in the world. It is the model for many other vocabularies in English and other languages and has been translated into numerous languages. The strongest aspect of LCSH is that it represents subject headings of the Library of Congress, the national library of the United States, one of the richest of national libraries of the world. The administrative and managerial machinery of LC has made it possible for LCSH to stand out as an undisputed leader. LCSH is also used as indexing vocabulary in a number of published bibliographies. LCSH comprise a thesaurus or a controlled vocabulary of subject headings which is used by a cataloger or an indexer to assign subject headings to a bibliographic record to represent the subject of a work he/she is cataloging. LCSH contain the preferred subject access terms (controlled vocabulary) that are assigned as an added entry in the bibliographic record which works as an access point and enables the work to be searched and retrieved by subject from the library catalog database. The controlled vocabulary identifies synonym terms and selects one preferred term among them to be used as the subject heading. For homonyms, it explicitly identifies the multiple concepts expressed by that word or phrase. Cross-references are used with headings to direct the user from terms not used as headings to the term that is used, and from broader and related topics to the one chosen to represent a given subject. The fortieth edition of Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH 40) contains headings established by the Library through January 2018. The headings included in this list were obtained by creating a file consisting of all subject heading and subdivision records in verified status in the subject authority file at the Library of Congress. There were 342,947 authority records in the file then. The subject authority database from which the headings in this edition were drawn indicates that the file contains approximately 24,390 personal name headings of which 23,272 represent family names, 10,034 corporate headings, 6 meeting or conference headings, 481 uniform titles, 242,511 topical subject headings, and 61,885 geographic subject headings. There are 764 general USE references, 4,351 general see also references, 299,751 references from one usable heading to another, and 362,646 references from unused terms to used headings. The creation and revision of subject headings is a continuous process. Approximately 5,000 new headings, including headings with subdivisions, are added to LCSH each year. Proposals for new headings and revisions to existing ones are submitted by catalogers at the Library of Congress and by participants in the Subject Authority Cooperative Program (SACO). More information on SACO may be found at <URL http://www.loc.gov/aba/pcc>. Approved proposals become part of the online authority file of subject headings at the Library of Congress, from which various publications are created. Five services provide information about new and revised headings. First, a distribution service supplies the subject headings in the MARC 21 authorities format via Internet FTP on a weekly basis to supplement the master database file of subject authority records. Second, L.C. Subject Headings Monthly Lists are a timely source of information about new and changed subject headings, class numbers, references and scope notes. The lists are posted monthly to the World Wide Web at http://www.loc.gov/aba/cataloging/subject/weeklylists. Third, Classification Web provides World Wide Web access to Library of Congress Subject Headings and Library of Congress Classification to subscribers. Fourth, subject authority records are included in the Library’s Web authorities service and may be searched and viewed at http://authorities.loc.gov. Fifth, subject authorities are freely available for searching and download through the Library’s Linked Data Service at http://id.loc.gov.

MARC 21 - MARC (MAchine-Readable Cataloging) standards are a set of digital formats for the description of items catalogued by libraries, such as books. Working with the Library of Congress, American computer scientist Henriette Avram developed MARC in the 1960s to create records that could be read by computers and shared among libraries. By 1971, MARC formats had become the US national standard for dissemination of bibliographic data. Two years later, they became the international standard. There are several versions of MARC in use around the world, the most predominant being MARC 21, created in 1999 as a result of the harmonization of U.S. and Canadian MARC formats, and UNIMARC, widely used in Europe. The MARC 21 family of standards now includes formats for authority records, holdings records, classification schedules, and community information, in addition to the format for bibliographic records. MARC 21 was designed to redefine the original MARC record format for the 21st century and to make it more accessible to the international community. MARC 21 has formats for the following five types of data: Bibliographic Format, Authority Format, Holdings Format, Community Format, and Classification Data Format. Currently MARC 21 has been implemented successfully by The British Library, the European Institutions and the major library institutions in the United States, and Canada. MARC 21 is a result of the combination of the United States and Canadian MARC formats (USMARC and CAN/MARC). MARC21 is based on the NISO/ANSI standard Z39.2, which allows users of different software products to communicate with each other and to exchange data.

Resource Description and Access (RDA) - RDA stands for “Resource Description and Access” and is the title of the standard, that is the successor to AACR2. Resource Description and Access (RDA) is a standard for descriptive cataloging providing instructions and guidelines on formulating bibliographic data. Resource Description & Access (RDA) is a set of cataloging instructions based on FRBR and FRAD, for producing the description and name and title access points representing a resource. RDA offers libraries the potential to change significantly how bibliographic data is created and used. RDA is a standard for resource description and access designed for the digital world. It provides (i) A flexible framework for describing all resources (analog and digital) that is extensible for new types of material, (ii) Data that is readily adaptable to new and emerging database structures, (iii) Data that is compatible with existing records in online library catalogs. RDA is a package of data elements, guidelines, and instructions for creating library and cultural heritage resource metadata that are well-formed according to international models for user-focused linked data applications. RDA goes beyond earlier cataloging codes in that it provides guidelines on cataloging digital resources and places a stronger emphasis on helping users find, identify, select, and obtain the information they want. RDA also supports the clustering of bibliographic records in order to show relationships between works and their creators.

Statement of International Cataloguing Principles - The original Statement of Principles - commonly known as the “Paris Principles” - was approved by the International Conference on Cataloguing Principles in 1961. Its goal of serving as a basis for international standardization in cataloguing has certainly been achieved: most of the cataloguing codes that were developed worldwide since that time have followed the Principles strictly or at least to a high degree. More than fifty years later, having a common set of international cataloguing principles is still necessary as cataloguers and users around the world use online catalogues as search and discovery systems. At the beginning of the 21st century, IFLA produced a new statement of principles (published in 2009) applicable to online library catalogues and beyond. The current version has been reviewed and updated in 2014 and 2015, and approved in 2016. The 2009 Statement of Principles replaced and explicitly broadened the scope of the Paris Principles from just textual resources to all types of resources, and from just the choice and form of entry to all aspects of bibliographic and authority data used in library catalogues. It included not only principles and objectives, but also guiding rules that should be included in cataloguing codes internationally, as well as guidance on search and retrieval capabilities. This 2016 edition takes into consideration new categories of users, the open access environment, the interoperability and the accessibility of data, features of discovery tools and the significant change of user behaviour in general.

Subject Cataloging - Subject Cataloging involves subject analysis of the resource and providing corresponding subject headings from a controlled vocabulary or subject heading list, such as Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH), Medical Subject Headings (MESH) and assignment of classification numbers using schemes such as Library of Congress Classification (LCC) or Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC). Subject Heading is defined as the most specific word or group of words that captures the essence of the subject or one of the subjects of a book or other library material which is selected from a subject heading list containing the preferred subject access terms (controlled vocabulary) and assigned as an added entry in the bibliographic record which works as an access point and enables the work to be searched and retrieved by subject from the library catalog database. Classification or Library Classification is the process of arranging, grouping, coding, and organizing books and other library materials on shelves or entries of a catalog, bibliography, and index according to their subject in a systematic, logical, and helpful order by way of assigning them call numbers using a library classification system, so that users can find them as quickly and easily as possible. Use of classification enables library users to browse on shelves to find its materials, determines the place of a book and the shelf, and also collocates additional items on the same or related subjects. Classification also enables the library users to find out what documents the library has on a certain subject. The cataloger assigns a classification, or call number, in correlation with the subject headings.

Subject Heading - Subject Heading is defined as the most specific word or group of words that captures the essence of the subject or one of the subjects of a book or other library material (e.g. serial, sound recording, moving image, cartographic material, manuscript, computer file, e-resource etc.) which is selected from a subject heading list containing the preferred subject access terms (controlled vocabulary) and assigned as an added entry in the bibliographic record which works as an access point and enables the work to be searched and retrieved by subject from the library catalog database. Subject headings are also used in a bibliography and index. The controlled vocabulary identifies synonyms terms and selects one preferred term among them to be used as the subject heading. For homonyms, it explicitly identifies the multiple concepts expressed by that word or phrase. In short, vocabulary control helps in overcoming problems that occur due to the natural language of the document’s subject. Hence, if vocabulary control is not exercised different indexers or the same indexer might use different terms for the same concept on different occasions for indexing the documents dealing with the same subject and also use a different set of terms for representing the same subject at the time of searching. This, in turn, would result in ‘mis-match’ and thus affect information retrieval. Cross-references are used with headings to direct the user from terms not used as headings to the term that is used, and from broader and related topics to the one chosen to represent a given subject. A subject heading may be subdivided by the addition of form subdivisions, geographical subdivisions, chronological subdivisions, and topical subdivisions to add greater specificity or add a parenthetical qualifier to add semantic clarification. Two popular subject heading lists are Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH) and Sears List of Subject Headings.

Subject Heading List - Subject Heading List is the printed or published list of subject headings which may be produced from the subject authority file maintained by an organization or individual. Subject heading list contain the preferred subject access terms (controlled vocabulary) that are assigned as an added entry in the bibliographic record which works as an access point and enables the work to be searched and retrieved by subject from the library catalog database. The controlled vocabulary identifies synonyms terms and selects one preferred term among them to be used as subject heading. For homonyms, it explicitly identifies the multiple concepts expressed by that word or phrase. In short, vocabulary control helps in overcoming problems that occur due to natural language of the document’s subject. Hence, if vocabulary control is not exercised different indexers or the same indexer might use different terms for the same concept on different occasions for indexing the documents dealing with the same subject and also use a different set of terms for representing the same subject at the time of searching. This, in turn, would result in ‘mis-match’ and thus affect information retrieval. Cross-references are used with headings to direct the user from terms not used as headings to the term that is used, and from broader and related topics to the one chosen to represent a given subject.

Z39.50 - Z39.50 is a national and international standard defining a protocol for computer-to-computer information retrieval. It is a client-server, application layer communications protocol for searching and retrieving information from a database over a TCP/IP computer network. It is covered by ANSI/NISO standard Z39.50, and ISO standard 23950. The National Information Standards Organization of the United States (NISO) relating to libraries begin with Z39. To use Z39.50, you will need either special software or have an ILS with Z39.50 capabilities. Z39.50 acts like a “back door” into a library catalog. In order to download another library’s records, that library has to allow Z39.50 access to its catalog. If it does, though, there is no fee to pay the library providing the record.

Bibliothèque nationale de France, Paris, France [Photo credit: Vincent Desjardins/Wikipedia]

CATALOGING EXAMPLES OF BIBLIOGRAPHIC AND AUTHORITY RECORDS

Cataloging Example of a monograph (book): RDA, MARC 21, LCC, LCSH, DDC

Book title: Survey of Emerging Cataloging Practices: Use of RDA by Academic Libraries (coming soon)

Main article:

Cataloging Example for a monograph (book): RDA, MARC 21, LCC, LCSH, DDC

Book title: The Theory and Craft of Digital Preservation¹

Main article: Owens book "The Theory and Craft of Digital Preservation" wins ALCTS Outstanding Publication Award

MARC FIELD TAG	MARC 21 FIELD	INDICATORS	DATA RECORDED
000			02941cam a2200361 i 4500
001			20566576
005			20190123121648.0
008	Fixed-Length Data Elements		180506s2018 mdua b 001 0 eng c
906	Local Processing Data	__	\|a 7 \|b cbc \|c orignew \|d 1 \|e ecip \|f 20 \|g y-gencatlg
925	Local Selection Decision	0_	\|a acquire \|b 2 shelf copies \|x policy default
955	Local Tracking Information	__	\|a LBSOR \|e xk01 2018-07-31 to Dewey \|w xb07 2018-08-01 \|a xn11 2019-01-10 1 copy rec'd., to CIP ver. \|f xk25 2019-01-23 to BCCD
010	Library of Congress Control Number	__	\|a 2018010715
020	International Standard Book Number	__	\|a 9781421426976 (softcover : acid-free paper)
020	International Standard Book Number	__	\|a 1421426978 (softocover : acid-free paper)
020	International Standard Book Number	__	\|z 9781421426983 (electronic)
020	International Standard Book Number	__	\|z 1421426986 (electronic)
040	Cataloging Source	__	\|a LBSOR/DLC \|b eng \|c LBSOR \|e rda \|d DLC
042	Authentication Code	__	\|a pcc
050	Library of Congress Call Number	00	\|a Z701.3.C65 \|b O94 2018
082	Dewey Decimal Classification Number	00	\|a 025.8/4 \|2 23
100	Main Entry--Personal Name	1_	\|a Owens, Trevor, \|e author.
245	Title Statement	14	\|a The theory and craft of digital preservation / \|c Trevor Owens.
264	Production, Publication, Distribution, Manufacture, and Copyright Notice	_1	\|a Baltimore : \|b Johns Hopkins University Press, \|c 2018.
300	Physical Description	__	\|a x, 226 pages : \|b illustrations ; \|c 22 cm
336	Content Type	__	\|a text \|b txt \|2 rdacontent
337	Media Type	__	\|a unmediated \|b n \|2 rdamedia
338	Carrier Type	__	\|a volume \|b nc \|2 rdacarrier
520	Summary, etc.	__	\|a "Among the public, there is a persistent belief that if something is on the Internet, it will be around forever. At the same time, warnings of an impending "digital dark age," where records of the recent past become completely lost or inaccessible, appear in the popular press. In The Theory and Craft of Digital Preservation, Trevor Owens offers a path to go beyond the hyperbole and the anxiety of the digital and establish a baseline for practice in this field. The first section of the book synthesizes work on the history of preservation in a range of areas (archives, manuscripts, recorded sound, etc.) and sets that history in dialogue with work in new media studies, platform studies, and media archeology. The later chapters build from this theoretical framework as a basis for an iterative process for the practice of doing digital preservation. While the book has a practical bent, it is not a how-to book that would quickly become outdated. It establishes and offers stages and processes for doing digital preservation, but it is not tied to particular tools, methods, or techniques. Instead, it is anchored in an understanding of the traditions of preservation and the nature of digital objects and media"-- \|c Provided by publisher.
504	Bibliography, etc. Note	__	a Includes bibliographical references (pages 209-220) and index.
505	Formatted Contents Note	0_	\|a Preservation's divergent lineages -- Understanding digital objects -- Challenges and opportunities of digital preservation -- The craft of digital preservation -- Preservation intent and collection development -- Managing copies and formats -- Arranging and describing digital objects -- Enabling multimodal access and use -- Conclusions: tools for looking forward.
650	Subject Added Entry - Topical Term	_0	\|a Digital preservation.
650	Subject Added Entry - Topical Term	_0	\|a Digital libraries \|x Management.
985	Local Record History	__	\|a LBSORCIP \|d 2018-07-03

CATALOGING EXAMPLES OF RELATIONSHIP DESIGNATORS AUTHORITY RECORDS

Examples of Relationship Designators in Authority Records²

Examples:

100	1	Billequo, Nicolas, $d active 1540-1541
500	1	$w r $i Colleague: $a Colines, Simon de, $d 1480?-1546
670		Renouard, P. Répertoire des imprimeurs Parisiens, 1965: $b page 35 (Billequo (Nicolas); bookseller, active 1540-1541; address: Rue Moffetard, à Saint-Marcel; the four known volumes appearing under his name were printed by Simone de Colines)

100	1		Martin, George R. R. $t Sworn sword. $l Spanish
500	1		$w r $i Translator: $a Abascal, Jesús María
530		0	$w r $i Contained in (expression): $a Legends II (Anthology). $l Spanish
670			Leyendas, 2006: $b table of contents (Canción de hielo y fuego, La espada leal, by George R.R. Martin) title page (translated by Jesús Abascal)

Relationship Designators Only Used in 5XX Fields

Use relationship designators in 5XX fields only. When recording a relationship designator in 5XX field, record the designator using the $i and $w r technique (see DCM Z1, 5XX section).

Examples:

Agent to Agent
100	1	Morrison, Jim, $d 1943-1971
500	1	$w r $i Colleague: $a Manzarek, Ray
510	2	$w r $i Corporate body: $a Doors (Musical group)
670		Britannica Academic, viewed on April 13, 2017: $b Jim Morrison (member of the Doors along with Ray Mazarek)

Agent to Agent
110	2	Wesleyan University (Middletown, Conn.). $b East Asia Studies Program
510	2	$w r $i Hierarchical superior: $a Wesleyan University (Middletown, Conn.)

Relationship Designators Not Used Within Authorized Access Points

Do not interpose relationship designators within authorized access points recorded in 5XX fields.

Example:

500	1	$w r $i Dramatized as (work): $a Asher, Sandy. $t Emma
NOT
500	1	$w r $i Dramatized as (work): $a Asher, Sandy, $e author. $t Emma

Relationships That Change Over Time

Most relationship designators are defined using the present tense, with the understanding that the designators can be used for relationships that took place in the past. Past and present relationships may be recorded in authority records at any time. If a relationship that no longer exists has been recorded in an authority record (e.g., because a person retired, or no longer holds a particular office), do not remove the relationship from the record.

Example:

Agent to Agent
110	2	Gianni Versace S.p.A.
500	1	$w r $i Chief executive: $a Versace, Santo, $d 1944-
500	1	$w r $i Chief executive: $a Cacciatori, Fabio Massimo, $d 1961-
500	1	$w r $i Chief executive: $a Di Risio, Giancarlo
500	1	$w r $i Chief executive: $a Ferraris, Gian Giacomo
Reflects a succession of CEOs of the company

An affiliation can be recorded in the 373 field, with subfields $s and $t coding to show time period for which that affiliation existed (see DCM Z1, 373 section).

Example:

Agent to Agent
100	1	Sanders, Bernard
373		United States. Congress. House $2 naf $s 1991 $t 2007
373		United States. Congress. Senate $2 naf $s 2007
510	1	$w r $i Corporate body: $a United States. $b Congress. $b House
510	1	$w r $i Corporate body: $a United States. $b Congress. $b Senate
Currently in United States Senate. Previously served in the United States House of Representatives.

Specificity

When selecting a relationship designator, choose the most specific designator that is appropriate.

Examples:

Agent to Agent
100	1	Tuckner, Paul
510	2	$w r $i Chief executive of: $a Grace Technology and Development (Firm)
NOT
510	2	$w r $i Officer of: $a Grace Technology and Development (Firm)
Tuckner‘s only position at Grace Technology and Development has been that of CEO

Work to Work
100	1	Dear, Nick. $t Persuasion
500	1	$w r $i Television screenplay based on (work): $a Austen, Jane, $d 1775-1817. $t Persuasion
NOT
500	1	$w r $i Based on (work): $a Austen, Jane, $d 1775-1817. $t Persuasion
NOT
500	1	$w r $i Screenplay based on (work): $a Austen, Jane, $d 1775-1817. $t Persuasion

Multiple Relationships with the Same Entity

Sometimes an entity has more than one relationship to another entity. When recording multiple relationships, record them in separate 5XX fields, each with a single relationship designator in a single subfield $i.

Examples:

Agent to Agent
110	2	Council of American Survey Research Organizations
510	2	$w r $i Founding corporate body: $a Field Research Corporation
510	2	$w r $i Corporate member: $a Field Research Corporation

Expression to Agent
130		0	Beowulf. $l English $s (Crawford)
500	1		$w r $i Translator: $a Crawford, D. H.
500	1		$w r $i Editor: $a Crawford, D. H.

Work to Agent
130		0	Speaking in tongues (Television program)
500	1		$w r $i Television director: $a Browne, Christene, $d 1965-
500	1		$w r $i Television producer: $a Browne, Christene, $d 1965-

Relationship That Is Unclear

Example:

Agent to Agent
110	2	Skidmore, Owings & Merrill
510	2	Crosstown Associates
667		Unable to determine nature of relationship with Crosstown Associates, n 87113575.

For instructions on using simple see-also references and 667 notes when an earlier name has been resumed, see LC-PCC PS for 32.1.1.3, Early Name Resumed.

Relationship That Cannot Be Described Using a Relationship Designator

Examples:

Agent to Agent
100	1	Wiggin, Ender $c (Fictitious character)
500	1	Card, Orson Scott
678	0	Ender Wiggin is the principal character in several novels and stories by Orson Scott Card, whose brilliant military strategy saves the human race from the attack of an alien race called the Formics.

Place to Place
151		Saint Barthelemy
551		France
678	1	Saint Barthelemy became an overseas collectivity of France in 2007.

Reciprocal Relationships

Example:

Person to Corporate Body
100	1	Warren, Whitney, $d 1864-1943
510	2	$w r $i Founded corporate body of person: $a Warren & Wetmore

Reciprocal Relationship – Corporate Body to Person
110	2	Warren & Wetmore
500	1	$w r $i Founder: $a Wetmore, Charles D., $d 1867-1941
500	1	$w r $i Founder: $a Warren, Whitney, $d 1864-1943

However, avoid recording reciprocal relationship links when there are potentially a large number of entities to be related.

Example:

Person to Corporate Body
100	1	Boxer, Barbara
510	2	$w r $i Corporate body: $a Democratic Party (U.S.)
Reciprocal relationship between Boxer and the Democratic Party would not be made in the record for Democratic Party (U.S.) because of the large number of members of the Democratic Party

When relating agents and works, it is often sufficient to record the relationship only on the authority record for the work because agents may have relationships to many works.

Example:

Work to Agent
130		0	Schindler’s list (Motion picture)
500	1		$w r $i Film director: $a Spielberg, Steven, $d 1946-
Stephen Spielberg has directed and/or produced dozens of motion pictures.

Real and Alternate Identities

See DCM Z1, 500 section, for instructions when only two name authority records are involved. See DCM Z1 663 section, when more than two name authority records are involved.

See also the FAQ - LC/PCC RDA Practice for Creating NARs for Persons Who Use Pseudonyms for treatment of the reciprocals.

Specific Cases

Corporate Bodies

Examples:

Predecessor
110	2	AcademiWales
510	2	$w r $i Predecessor: $a Public Service Management Wales (Program)

Reciprocal Relationship--Successor
110	2	Public Service Management Wales (Program)
510	2	$w r $i Successor: $a AcademiWales

Product of Split
110	2	Estes & Lauriat
510	2	$w r $i Product of split: $a Charles E. Lauriat Co.
510	2	$w r $i Product of split: $a Dana Estes & Company

Reciprocal Relationship—Predecessor of Split
110	2	Charles E. Lauriat Co.
510	2	$w r $i Predecessor of split: $a Estes & Lauriat

Reciprocal Relationship—Predecessor of Split
110	2	Dana Estes & Company
510	2	$w r $i Predecessor of split: $a Estes & Lauriat

Examples:

Existing NAR—Later Name
110	2	American Architectural Foundation
510	2	$w a $a American Institute of Architects Foundation

Updated to Show Relationship Designator
110	2	American Architectural Foundation
510	2	$w r $i Predecessor: $a American Institute of Architects Foundation

Existing NAR—Earlier Name
110	2	American Institute of Architects Foundation
510	2	$w b $a American Architectural Foundation

Updated to Show Relationship Designator
110	2	American Institute of Architects Foundation
510	2	$w r $i Successor: $a American Architectural Foundation

Examples:

110	2		Field Research Corporation
510	2		$w r $i Founded corporate body of corporate body: $a Council of American Survey Research Organizations

111	2		World Conference on International Telecommunications $d (2012 : $c Dubai, United Arab Emirates)
510	2		$w r $i Sponsoring corporate body: $a International Telecommunication Union

Hierarchical Relationships for Related Corporate Bodies

Examples:

110	2	Sibley Music Library
510	2	$w r $i Hierarchical superior: $a Eastman School of Music
The Eastman School of Music is the immediate superior body to Sibley Music Library. The superior body does not appear in the authorized access point.

110	2	British Broadcasting Corporation. $b Broadcasting Research Department
510	2	$w r $i Hierarchical superior: $a British Broadcasting Corporation
The British Broadcasting Corporation is the immediate superior body to Broadcasting Research Department. The superior body appears in the authorized access point.

Example:

110	2	Cooper-Hewitt Museum
510	2	$w r $i Hierarchical superior: $a Smithsonian Institution
BUT NOT ALSO
110	2	Smithsonian Institution
510	2	$w r $i Hierarchical subordinate: $a Cooper-Hewitt Museum

Chronological relationships

Family Relationships

Use relationship designators from Appendix K.3.2 to relate families descended from other families.

Example:

Descendant Family of
100	3	Windsor (Royal house : $d 1918- : $c Great Britain)
500	3	$w r $i Descendant family of: $a Saxe-Coburg-Gotha (Royal house : $d 1840-1918 : $c Great Britain)

Reciprocal Relationship—Descendant Family
100	3	Saxe-Coburg-Gotha (Royal house : $d 1840-1918 : $c Great Britain)
500	3	$w r $i Descendant family: $a Windsor (Royal house : $d 1918- : $c Great Britain)

Use relationship designators from K.3 to record relationships between families and other types of agents.

Example:

100	1		Benson, Phoebe, $d 1820-1904
500	3		$w r $i Descendants: $a Benson (Family : $d 1844- : $g Benson, Richard, 1816-1895)

If there is no appropriate relationship designator, use simple see-also references (see Guideline 7).

Works and Expressions

Relating Works and Expressions to Agents

Examples: Work to Creator(s)

Work to Agent
100	1	Tolkien, J. R. R. $q (John Ronald Reuel), $d 1892-1973. $t Return of the king
500	1	$w r $i Author: $a Tolkien, J. R. R. $q (John Ronald Reuel), $d 1892-1973
Relationship between a work and its creator.

Work to Agent
100	0	Christo, $d 1935- $t Wrapped Reichstag
500	1	$w r $i Artist: $a Jeanne-Claude, $d 1935-2009
500	0	$w r $i Artist: $a Christo, $d 1935
Collaborative work created by Christo and Jeanne-Claude.

Examples: Work to Other Associated Agent

Work to Agent
130		0	Studies in economics (Eugene, Or.)
510	2		$w r $i Issuing body: $a University of Oregon. $b Bureau of Business and Economic Research

Relationships between expressions and agents may also be recorded using an appropriate relationship designator from RDA Appendix I in a name authority record for the expression.

Examples: Expression to Agent

Expression to Agent
100	1	Rowling, J. K. $t Harry Potter and the prisoner of Azkaban $s (Kay)
500	1	$w r $i Illustrator: $a Kay, Jim $c (Illustrator)

Expression to Agent
130		0	Bible. $l German. $s Luther. $f 1681
500	1		$w r $i Translator: $a Luther, Martin, $d 1483-1546

Expression to Agent
130		0	Good King Wenceslas; $o arranged $s (McDonald)
500	1		$w r $i Arranger of music: $a McDonald, Marshall

When recording relationships between a work/expression and multiple agents, record each agent in a separate 5XX field.

Examples: Work or Expression to Agents

Work to Agent
100	1	Humphrey, Doris, $d 1895-1958. $t New dance
500	1	$w r $i Choreographer: $a Humphrey, Doris, $d 1895-1958
500	1	$w r $i Choreographer: $a Weidman, Charles
Collaborative work created by Humphry and Weidman.

Work to Agent
100	1	Tamaki, Mariko. $t This one summer
500	1	$w r $i Author: $a Tamaki, Mariko
500	1	$w r $i Artist: $a Tamaki, Jillian, $d 1980-
Collaborative work created by Mariko and Jillian Tamaki.

Expression to Agent
100	1	Gide, Charles, $d 1847-1932. $t Histoire des doctrines économiques $s (Sixième édition). $f 2000
500	1	$w r $i Editor: $a Rist, Charles, $d 1874-1955
500	1	$w r $i Writer of introduction: $a Cot, Annie L.
500	1	$w r $i Writer of introduction: $a Lallement, Jérôme

Although relationships designators may be used with authorized access points for places in bibliographic records, they may not be recorded in name authority records to relate a work/expression and place.

Example:

Bibliographic Record
110	1		Brazil, $e enacting jurisdiction.
240	1	0	Constituição (1967)
245	1	0	Constituição da Républica Federativa do Brasil.

Name Authority Record
110	1	Brazil. $t Constituição (1967)
No 5XX with a relationship designator is given because a relationship designator cannot be recorded in a 551 field according to the 551 field instruction sheet in DCM Z1 (see Appendix for more information).

Relating Works/Expressions to Other Works/Expressions

Use relationship designators from Appendix J to record relationships between works/expressions and other related works/expressions.

Examples:

Work to Work
100	1		Tolkien, J. R. R. $q (John Ronald Reuel), $d 1892-1973. $t Return of the king
500	1		$w r $i Sequel to: $a Tolkien, J. R. R. $q (John Ronald Reuel), $d 1892-1973. $t Two towers
500	1		$w r $i In series: $a Tolkien, J. R. R. $q (John Ronald Reuel), $d 1892-1973. $t Lord of the rings
530		0	$w r $i Adapted as motion picture (work): $a Lord of the rings, the return of the king (Motion picture)

Expression to Work
130	0	Gesta Romanorum. $l English
530	0	$w r $i Translation of: $a Gesta Romanorum

Sequential Series Relationships

For sequential relationships between two series, always record the reciprocal relationship in the corresponding record.

Example:

Work to Work
130	0	Wiley-Blackwell companions to art history
530	0	$w r $i Continuation of (work): $a Blackwell companions to art history

Work to Work—Reciprocal Relationship
130	0	Blackwell companions to art history
530	0	$w r $i Continued by (work): $a Wiley-Blackwell companions to art history

Multiple Entities and Relationships in one Name Authority Record

Examples:

Agent to Expression and Work to Expression
100	1	Galilei, Galileo, $d 1564-1642. $ Dialogo dei massimi sistemi. $l English $s (Finocchiaro)
500	1	$w r $i Translator: $a Finocchiaro, Maurice A., $d 1942-
500	1	$w r $i Abridger: $a Finocchiaro, Maurice A., $d 1942-
500	1	$w r $i Abridgement of (work): $a Galilei, Galileo, $d 1564-1642. $t Dialogo dei massimi sistemi

Αgent to Expression and Expression to Expression
100	0	Aeschylus. $t Oresteia. $l English $s (Slavitt)
500	1	$w r $i Editor: $a Slavitt, David R., $d 1935-
500	1	$w r $i Translator: $a Slavitt, David R., $d 1935-
500	0	$w r $i Container of (expression): $a Aeschylus. $t Agamemnon. $l English $s (Slavitt)
500	0	$w r $i Container of (expression): $a Aeschylus. $t Choephori. $l English $s (Slavitt)
500	0	$w r $i Container of (expression): $a Aeschylus. $t Eumenides. $l English $s (Slavitt)

Subjects

Subject Relationships

Examples:

100	0		Eutocius, $c of Ascalon. $t Commentarius in libros de planorum aequilibriis
500	0		$w r $i Commentary on (work): $a Archimedes. $t De planorum aequilibriis

130		0	Textes d’auteurs grecs et latins relatifs à l’Extrême-Orient
500	1		$w r $i Commentary in (work): $a Sheldon, John $c (Research fellow). $t Commentary on George Coedès Texts of Greek and Latin authors on the Far East

Example:

Bibliographic Record
245	0	0	KJV 400 : $b the legacy & impact of the King James Version.
630	0	0	Bible. $l English $x Versions $x Authorized.

Name Authority Record
130	0	KJV 400
530	0	$w r $i Description of (expression): $a Bible. $l English. $s Authorized

Cambridge University Library [Photo credit: University of Cambridge]

MARC BIBLIOGRAPHIC AND RDA INSTRUCTIONS AND EXAMPLES

MARC AUTHORITY AND RDA INSTRUCTIONS AND EXAMPLES

FAQ ON AUTHORIZED ACCESS POINTS FOR COLLECTIONS OF THE WORKS OF INDIVIDUAL AGENTS AND WORKS OF UNKNOWN RESPONSIBILITY THAT PURPORT TO BE BY AN INDIVIDUAL AGENT

Source: Library of Congress⁴

FAQ on Authorized Access Points for Collections of the Works of Individual Agents and Works of Unknown Responsibility that Purport to be by an Individual Agent

RDA Works

How do I choose the preferred title for a collection?

RDA 6.2.2.10 instructs: "If a compilation of works is commonly identified by a title or form of title in manifestations embodying that compilation or in reference sources, apply the instructions at 6.2.2.4–6.2.2.7." In other words, choose as the preferred title the title by which the compilation is commonly identified. If, in the judgment of the cataloger, the compilation does not have a title by which it is "commonly identified," a conventional collective title is chosen as the preferred title (see 6.2.2.10.2).[1]

This is entirely a matter for the judgment of the cataloger. RDA itself gives little advice on how to decide if a title is the "commonly identified" title of a collection. Clearly if a title appears on the title page that is a title for the compilation. However, that title is not necessarily the title by which a particular compilation can be "commonly identified" by library users, even if the compilation has been published only once. Catalogers might consider whether the title is easily identifiable to users as the title of a particular collection or not. "The Canterbury tales" is a well-known, distinctive, and easily identifiable collection of stories by Geoffrey Chaucer and would be chosen as the preferred title of this compilation over "Short stories. Selections". Similarly, "A Shropshire lad" would be chosen as the preferred title for this collection of poems by A.E. Housman rather than "Poems. Selections". On the other hand, the title "Three stories and ten poems", referring to a collection of stories and poems by Ernest Hemingway, might in the judgment of the cataloger not be considered a title by which the collection is "commonly identified" in the sense that it is well-known, distinctive, and easily identifiable. In such a case the cataloger might be justified in choosing "Works. Selections" as the preferred title.

The sub-instructions in RDA 6.2.2.10 distinguish between Complete Works, Complete Works in a Single Form, and Other Compilations of Two or More Works.

Compilations that purport to be complete (RDA 6.2.2.10.1) should always use the conventional collective title as the preferred title, whatever the title of the manifestation. If the complete works (poems, etc.) of an individual agent are published again under a different title this will create a conflict; neither manifestation title will necessarily be the "commonly identified" title of the individual agent's complete works (poems, etc.).

100 1_ Brewer, A. Herbert $q (Alfred Herbert), $d 1865-1928. $t Organ music

Compilation has title The complete organ works of Sir Herbert Brewer

100 1_ Clingerman, Mildred, $d 1918-1997. $t Short stories

Compilation has title The Clingerman files : collected works

100 1_ Derozio, Henry Louis Vivian, $d 1809-1831. $t Works

Compilation has title Song of the stormy petrel : complete works of Henry Louis

Vivian Derozio

110 2_ Mongolia. $t Constitutions

Compilation has title The constitutions of Mongolia 1924, 1940, 1960, 1992

110 2_ Coldplay (Musical group). $t Songs

Compilation has titleColdplay : complete chord songbook

Unless a choice is clearly incorrect catalogers should respect the judgment of other catalogers once a preferred title has been declared by establishing it as part of the authorized access point in a NACO authority record. Subsequent catalogers can always record additional variant access points based on variant titles they might have chosen as the preferred title.

Do preferred titles for complete collections of an individual agent's work (Works, Plays, Poems, Paintings, Symphonies, etc.) need to be qualified?

No. When considered as a whole there can be only one set of the complete works (plays, etc.) of an individual agent. There cannot be a collection referred to by the conventional collective title "Works" (or "Plays", etc.) differing in content from another collection of the complete works (plays, etc.) of that individual, and therefore that preferred title will never need to be qualified to differentiate it. There may be disagreements about the authenticity of certain of an individual's works but in fact that individual created one and only one set of works (or plays, or paintings, etc.).

100 1_ Angelou, Maya. $t Poems

100 0_ Aristophanes. $t Fragments[2]

100 1_ Ishiodori, Tatsuya, $d 1945- $t Paintings

100 1_ Sibelius, Jean, $d 1865-1957. $t Symphonies

100 1_ Shakespeare, William, $d 1564-1616. $t Works

100 1_ Wilde, Oscar, $d 1854-1900. $t Works

Note: For practical reasons compilations that purport to be complete are considered to be complete. This is based on the principle of representation. The cataloger is not required or expected to verify the completeness of the collection, nor should the cataloger attempt to compare different collections purporting to be complete to verify that they contain the same works. (This applies to living persons, who may create more works after the publication of a compilation purporting to be complete. Follow the principle of representation and consider it to be complete.) In addition, catalogers are not expected to make judgments about which works should or should not be contained within an individual's canon of authentic works.

Can compilations created after an individual agent's lifetime or without the individual agent's authorization be treated in this way?

Yes. Collections and groupings of an individual's works can be described in authority records and have authorized access points, particularly if the grouping has become standard, even if the grouping is not the individual's own.

100 1_ Cicero, Marcus Tullius. $t Philosophical works

100 1_ Cicero, Marcus Tullius. $t Rhetorical works

Do preferred titles for selections from the works of an individual agent (RDA 6.2.2.10.2, RDA 6.2.2.10.3) need to be qualified?

Generally speaking, yes. Unlike compilations that purport to be complete, there is no assumption that different compilations that purport to be incomplete contain the same set of works. To the contrary, the assumption is that they contain different works. For practical reasons catalogers make this assumption; they are not required to compare the contents of different collections to find out if they might contain the same works. The cataloger can make the assumption that they are different. Therefore, if a conventional collective title is chosen as the preferred title for the compilation, it will generally be qualified[3] (note the absence of subfield coding before the qualifier):

100 1_ Dickens, Charles, $d 1812-1870. $t Short stories. $k Selections (Christmas stories)

100 1_ Dickens, Charles, $d 1812-1870. $t Short stories. $k Selections (Douglas-Fairhurst)

100 1_ Dickens, Charles, $d 1812-1870. $t Short stories. $k Selections (2016)

100 1_ Bernstein, Leonard, $d 1918-1990. $t Vocal music. $k Selections (Bernstein for singers)

100 1_ Bernstein, Leonard, $d 1918-1990. $t Vocal music. $k Selections (Bernstein theatre songs)

100 1_ Bernstein, Leonard, $d 1918-1990. $t Vocal music. $k Selections (New York Festival of Song (Musical group))

100 1_ Bernstein, Leonard, $d 1918-1990. $t Vocal music. $k Selections (The Bernstein songbook)

110 2_ Rometti Costales (Artist group). $t Works. $k Selections (Little animals, ash trays)

110 2_ Rometti Costales (Artist group). $t Works. $k Selections (2016)

Choice of qualifier. The qualifier may be any of the elements listed in RDA 6.27.1.2: form of the compilation, date of the compilation, place of origin of the compilation, or any other distinguishing characteristic of the compilation. The cataloger should choose whatever qualifier best answers the question: "what makes this compilation different from others?", and whatever qualifier will best identify the compilation to database users. This may involve consideration of the type of qualifiers that have already been used in the file.

Exceptions to the need to qualify

Compilations unlikely to appear more than once. The publication of selections of a person’s works is a somewhat rare occurrence, and the publication of more than one different compilation occurs even less often. If only one compilation of selections of an individual agent’s complete works or complete works in one form has ever been or is likely ever to be published, the cataloger may choose to record a conventional collective title with "Selections" without qualification. In such situations the choice to qualify or not is entirely left to the judgment of the cataloger.

100 1_ Abad, José Ramón. $t Works. $k Selections

100 0_ Chalœ̄msak Ngǣmngām. $t Short stories. $k Selections

100 1_ Cordero, Ernesto, $d 1946- $t Concertos. $k Selections

100 1_ Hannum, Brian $c (Poet). $t Poems. $k Selections

110 2_ ATIKA (Artistic group). $t Works. $k Selections

110 2_ Radiohead (Musical group). $t Songs. $k Selections

If the judgment that selections from an individual agent's works will not be published again later proves incorrect, the decision can be revisited and the preferred title for the first-published compilation may be qualified to distinguish it from that of the new compilation. An authority record established for a subsequent compilation containing different selections should always be qualified to differentiate it.

Well-known compilations. Certain compilations or groupings are published over and over. If the cataloger knows different compilations contain the same works, or if the compilations represent themselves as being the same, the same preferred title may be used (including qualifier, if any) for different iterations of the collection. In such cases it is likely that the compilation will be known by a particular title and therefore the cataloger will probably not choose a conventional collective title as its preferred title.

Whether a particular title or a conventional collective title is chosen as the preferred title for the compilation, the same principle applies as mentioned above under complete works. If a compilation purports to be the same as another iteration of the compilation it is considered to be the same. The cataloger is not required to verify that the works contained in it are the same. This principle applies even in extreme cases such as Walt Whitman's Leaves of grass, which started out as a collection of twelve poems and grew through a series of editions published during the author's lifetime to a collection of over 400.

100 1_ Whitman, Walt, $d 1819-1892. $t Leaves of grass

If differentiation between the editions is needed, it can be done at the expression level:

100 1_ Whitman, Walt, $d 1819-1892. $t Leaves of grass. $l English. $f 1860

Moving image works. Since motion pictures, television programs, etc. are typically highly collaborative works, RDA 6.27.1.3 says to construct the authorized access point representing the work by using a preferred title for work only. The authorized access point for a compilation of moving image works will therefore also be constructed using the preferred title of the compilation.

130 _0 Collected films of Jorge Prelorán

130 _0 Films of Chantal Akerman

130 _0 Palace Films collection

130 _0 Universal classic television

However, if more than one compilation has the same title, it will need to be qualified.

130 _0 Hitchcock collection (Force Entertainment)

130 _0 Hitchcock collection (MPI Home Video (Firm))

What about selections from a single work?

The same principles apply. If the single work purports to be complete, for practical reasons and following the principle of representation, the cataloger considers the work to be complete.

100 0_ Virgil. $t Aeneis

If the resource purports to be a compilation of selections from the work, and the specific selections cannot be identified, RDA directs us to add "Selections" to the preferred title. The principle mentioned under selections above applies here as well: the cataloger is not required to verify whether the set of selections is (or is not) the same as another set of selections from the same work. The assumption is that they are not the same and so the preferred title is qualified:

100 0_ Virgil. $t Aeneis. $k Selections (Lewis)

A compilation by C.S. Lewis of various passages from the Aeneid

100 1_ Shakespeare, William, $d 1564-1616. $t Works. $k Selections (Anson)

A compilation of quotations from Shakespeare with a rather vague title compiled by W.S.W. Anson

130 _0 Aesop’s fables. $k Selections (Clarke)

A selection of fables compiled by H. Clarke

If the compilation is of selections that can be identified, they should be:

100 0_ Virgil. $t Aeneis. $n Liber 1-6

A compilation of the first six books of the Aeneid

100 0_ Virgil. $t Aeneis. $n Liber 1

100 0_ Virgil. $t Aeneis. $n Liber 3

100 0_ Virgil. $t Aeneis. $n Liber 5

A compilation containing books 1, 3, and 5 of the Aeneid

What should be done if the preferred title for a compilation is identical to one of the works in the compilation?

If the preferred title chosen for a compilation is the same as or similar to one of the works in the compilation (or to any other work by the creator), there is a conflict. The compilation title should be qualified to break the conflict. There is no prescribed term to use for this.

100 1_ Akins, Zoë, $d 1886-1958. $t Hills grow smaller (Collection)

Contains the poem Hills grow smaller

100 1_ Gartner, Zsuzsi. $t Better living through plastic explosives (Compilation)

Contains the short story Better living through plastic explosives

100 1_ Le Sueur, Meridel. $t Women on the breadlines (Anthology)

Contains the short story Women on the breadlines

100 1_ Zelazny, Roger. $t Unicorn variations (Anthology)

Contains the novella Unicorn variation; preferred title of the compilation is similar to the preferred title of an individual work included in it

If an authority record for the individual work is also being established, it should be qualified.

100 1_ Le Sueur, Meridel. $t Women on the breadlines (Short story)

100 1_ Zelazny, Roger. $t Unicorn variation (Novella)

Compilations with titles of the type "... and other stories" "... and other poems", etc., do not need to be qualified to distinguish them from the title of the individual work, although the cataloger may optionally qualify the individual work.

100 1_ Asimov, Isaac, $d 1920-1992. $t Bicentennial man and other stories

100 1_ Asimov, Isaac, $d 1920-1992. $t Bicentennial man

100 1_ Rossetti, Christina Georgina, $d 1830-1894. $t Goblin market and other poems

100 1_ Rossetti, Christina Georgina, $d 1830-1894. $t Goblin market

100 1_ Card, Orson Scott. $t Unaccompanied sonata & other stories

100 1_ Card, Orson Scott. $t Unaccompanied sonata (Short story)

What variant access points should be made for compilations of works?

Variant access points are not required, but consider making them from the form(s) not selected as the preferred title.[4]

100 1_ Hadley, Tessa. $t Short stories. $k Selections (2017)

400 1_ Hadley, Tessa. $t Bad dreams and other stories

400 1_ Hadley, Tessa. $t Short stories. $k Selections (Bad dreams and other stories)

100 1_ Gartner, Zsuzsi. $t Better living through plastic explosives (Compilation)

400 1_ Gartner, Zsuzsi. $t Short stories. $k Selections (Better living through plastic

explosives)

400 1_ Gartner, Zsuzsi. $t Short stories. $k Selections (2011)

100 1_ Inge, William. $t Plays. $k Selections (Somewhere in America)

400 1_ Inge, William. $t Somewhere in America

400 1_ Inge, William. $t Plays. $k Selections (2016 : Somewhere in America)

Compilation of six one-act plays

100 1_ Inge, William. $t Plays. $k Selections (The apartment complex)

400 1_ Inge, William. $t Apartment complex

400 1_ Inge, William. $t Plays. $k Selections (2016 : The apartment complex)

Compilation of seven one-act plays

RDA Expressions

When should a conventional collective title for complete works be qualified?

When differences between two complete collections of works are found (e.g., different editorial notes, annotations, translators, content type, etc.), that creates a different expression of the complete works. Add one or more qualifiers at the expression level (content type, date of expression, language of expression, other distinguishing characteristic of expression). Expression elements in access points are separately subfielded.

100 0_ Euripides. $t Works. $f 1821

100 0_ Euripides. $t Works. $f 1823

100 0_ Euripides. $t Works $s (Murray). $f 1902

100 0_ Euripides. $t Works $s (Murray). $f 1913

100 0_ Euripides. $t Works. $l English. $f 2009

100 0_ Euripides. $t Works. $l English $s (Buckley)

100 0_ Euripides. $t Works. $l English $s (Buckley). $h Spoken word

100 0_ Euripides. $t Works. $l Greek $s (Collection des universités de France)

100 0_ Euripides. $t Works. $l Greek $s (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas

(Spain))

100 0_ Euripides. $t Works. $l Latvian

100 1_ García Lorca, Federico, $d 1898-1936. $t Poems $s (Mota)

100 1_ García Lorca, Federico, $d 1898-1936. $t Poems. $l Portuguese $s (Melo)

100 1_ García Lorca, Federico, $d 1898-1936. $t Works $s (García-Posada)

100 1_ García Lorca, Federico, $d 1898-1936. $t Works. $l French. $f 1981

100 1_ Beethoven, Ludwig van, $d 1770-1827. $t Sonatas, $m piano. $h Notated music $s (Associated Board of the Royal Schools of Music)

100 1_ Beethoven, Ludwig van, $d 1770-1827. $t Sonatas, $m piano. $h Performed music $s (Harmonia Mundi France)

100 1_ Beethoven, Ludwig van, $d 1770-1827. $t Sonatas, $m piano. $h Performed music $s (Unicorn Records (Firm))

For translations, must the language of expression always be further qualified?

No, not if there has been only one translation in that language to date. The example above of the Latvian translation of Euripides’ complete works illustrates this. There is no requirement that catalogers anticipate a future conflict. However, if such a conflict does exist or becomes evident later on, the authority record for a different translation in the same language will need to be qualified further by date of expression and/or other distinguishing characteristic of expression. It may also be useful to go back and revise the earlier authority record to better identify that particular expression.

100 0_ Euripides. $t Works. $l German

Existing authority record created for a compilation translated by Ernst Buschor originally published in six volumes from 1972-1981 with title Sämtliche Tragödien und Fragmente

100 0_ Euripides. $t Works. $l German $s (Ebener)

New authority created for a compilation translated by Dietrich Ebener originally

published in three volumes in 1966 with title Werke in drei Bänden and republished in six volumes in 1972-1980 with title Tragödien

How do I create an authorized access point for an expression of "selections"?

NACO practice does not require the creation of an authority record at the work level when creating an authority record for an expression, but neither does it forbid it. It might prove less confusing to create the work-level authority record following the instructions above (including the necessary qualifier) before creating an expression authority record. If you do not create the work-level authority record you must still think out in your mind how the work-level authorized access point would be formed. Do not forget to include the qualifier at the work level.

Often the compiler is unknown for a collection that consists of translations of an author who worked in another language. In such cases the surname of the translator may be used as a work-level qualifier if it makes sense (sometimes the translator is the compiler, though this need not be explicitly stated).

Beginning with the form you have worked out for the work-level authorized access point, add expression-level elements (content type, date of expression, language of expression, other distinguishing characteristic of expression).

130 _0 Aesop's fables. $k Selections (Dodsley). $l German

130 _0 Aesop's fables. $k Selections (Thuswaldner). $l German

not

~~130 _0 Aesop's fables. $k Selections. $l German $s (Dodsley)~~

~~130 _0 Aesop's fables. $k Selections. $l German $s (Thuswaldner)~~

Remember: these are two different collections, so a qualifier is needed at the work level

100 1_ Bañuelos, Juan, $d 1932-2017. $t Poems. $k Selections (Nudo de tres vientos). $l French

not

~~100 1_ Bañuelos, Juan, $d 1932-2017. $t Poems. $k Selections. $l French $s (Roy)~~

A translation by Françoise Roy

100 1_ Beckett, Samuel, $d 1906-1989. $t Correspondence. $k Selections (Craig). $l French

not

~~100 1_ Beckett, Samuel, $d 1906-1989. $t Correspondence. $k Selections. $l French $s(Craig)~~

A translation by George Craig

What variant access points should be made for compilations of expressions?

Variant access points are not required, but consider making them from the form(s) not selected as the preferred title, such as the manifestation title. It is cataloger judgment as to whether to qualify the variant access point to distinguish it from identical variant access points for other expressions of the same work.

100 0_ Euripides. $t Works. $f 1823

400 0_ Euripides. $t Euripidis Tragoediae

400 0_ Euripides. $t Tragoediae

100 0_ Euripides. $t Works. $f 1885

400 0_ Euripides. $t Euripidis Tragoediae. $f 1885

400 0_ Euripides. $t Euripidis Tragoediae $s (Nauck)

100 0_ Euripides. $t Works. $l English. $f 2009

400 0_ Euripides. $t Complete Euripides. $f 2009

400 0_ Euripides. $t Works. $l English $s (Greek tragedy in new translations)

100 0_ Euripides. $t Works. $l Latvian

400 0_ Euripides. $t Eiripīds Trag̦ēdijas

400 0_ Euripides. $t Euripidou Tragōdiai

400 0_ Euripides. $t Trag̦ēdijas

400 0_ Euripides. $t Tragōdiai

130 _0 Aesop's fables. $k Selections (Thuswaldner). $l German

430 _0 Aesopische Fabeln

100 1_ García Lorca, Federico, $d 1898-1936. $t Poems $s (Mota)

400 1_ García Lorca, Federico, $d 1898-1936. $t Obra poética completa

100 1_ García Lorca, Federico, $d 1898-1936. $t Poems. $l Portuguese $s (Melo)

400 1_ García Lorca, Federico, $d 1898-1936. $t Obra poética completa

Attributes of Works and Expressions

What attributes of works and expressions should be recorded as separate elements?

Catalogers have the option to record any attributes of works and expressions in 046 and 3XX fields regardless of whether they are included in access points. These include date of work or expression (046), content type of expression (336), place of origin of work (370), language of expression (377), form of work (380), other distinguishing characteristic of work or expression (381), musical work and expression attributes such as medium of performance (382), numeric designation (384), and key (385), as well as non-RDA elements such as audience and creator/contributor characteristics (385 and 386). Do not include expression attributes in work records or work attributes in expression records. For example, do not include language of expression in a work record or form of work in an expression record.

Form of work (RDA 6.3, work records only)

100 1_ Austen, Jane, $d 1775-1817. $t Novels. $k Selections (Northanger Abbey and Persuasion)

380 __ Novels $2 lcgft

100 1_ Whitman, Walt, $d 1819-1892. $t Leaves of grass

380 __ Poetry $2 lcgft

110 1_ Mongolia. $t Constitutions

380 __ Constitutions $2 lcgft

100 1_ Schubert, Franz, $d 1797-1828. $t Schlacht, $n D. 387

380 __ Musical sketches $a Cantatas $2 lcgft

Place of origin of work (RDA 6.5, work records only)

100 1_ Slimani, Leïla, $d 1981- $t Diable est dans les détails (Anthology)

370 __ $g France $2 naf

100 1_ Futagawa, Yukio, $d 1932-2013. $t Photographs. $k Selections (2017)

370 __ $g Tokyo (Japan) $2 naf

100 1_ Pallēs, Alexandros, $d 1851-1935. $t Poems. $k Selections (Tragoudakia gia paidia)

370 __ $g Athens (Greece) $2 naf

Medium of performance (RDA 6.15; under current RDA, work records only; under beta

RDA, expression records only)

100 1_ Abel, Karl Friedrich, $d 1723-1787. $t Sonatas, $m violins (2), continuo, $n op. 3

382 0_ violin $n 1 $p flute $a violin $n 1 $a continuo $2 lcmpt

Content type (RDA 6.9, expression records only)

100 1_ Beethoven, Ludwig van, $d 1770-1827. $t Sonatas, $m piano. $h Notated music $s (Associated Board of the Royal Schools of Music (Great Britain))

336 __ notated music $2 rdacontent

100 1_ Card, Orson Scott. $t Pathfinder series. $l English. $h Text

336 __ text $b txt $2 rdacontent

100 1_ Bova, Ben, $d 1932- $t Short stories. $k Selections (The best of Bova). $n Volume 1. $h Spoken word

336 __ spoken word $2 rdacontent

Language of expression (RDA 6.11, expression records only)

100 1_ Bradbury, Ray, $d 1920-2012. $t Short stories. $k Selections (Xin xing chu ban she (Beijing, China)). $l Chinese

377 __ chi

100 1_ Deplazes, Lothar. $t Poems. $k Selections (Umbrivas muentadas). $l German

377 __ ger

Other distinguishing characteristic of work or expression (RDA 6.6, 6.12, 6.18, 6.21,

6.25)

100 1_ Alexander, Lloyd. $t Chronicles of Prydain. $l English. $h Spoken word $s (Langton)

381 __ Langton

100 0_ Aeschylus. $t Works. $l English $s (Smyth)

381 __ Smyth

130 _0 Bible. $l English. $s Authorized. $f 1611

381 __ Authorized

100 1_ Manos, Stephanos, $d 1939- $t Works. $k Selections (Antistrouthokamēlika)

381 __ Selections $a Antistrouthokamēlika

100 1_ Hamilton, Ian, $d 1938-2001. $t Poems. $k Selections (Pretending not to sleep)

381 __ Selections

381 __ Pretending not to sleep

Audience characteristics (385)

100 1_ Gay, Marie-Louise. $t Picture books. $k Selections

385 __ Children $2 lcdgt

100 1_ Kipling, Rudyard, $d 1865-1936. $t Short stories. $k Selections (Greathall Productions Inc.). $h Spoken word

385 __ Children $2 lcdgt

Creator/Contributor characteristics (386)

100 1_ Ercolani, Milena, $d 1963- $t Coccole di zucchero filato (Collection)

386 __ San Marinese $2 lcsh

386 __ Women $2 lcdgt

100 1_ Atwood, Margaret, $d 1939- $t Bluebeard's egg (Collection)

386 __ Canadians $a Women $2 lcdgt

100 1_ Twain, Mark, $d 1835-1910. $t Works. $f 1972

386 __ Americans $2 lcdgt

386 __ Men $2 lcdgt

100 1_ Austen, Jane, $d 1775-1817. $t Works. $k Selections (Lesley Castle)

386 __ Teenagers $a Girls $a English $2 lcgft

Date of work or expression (RDA 6.4, 6.10)[5]

Note regarding coding of dates: The creation date of a compilation is recorded in 046 subfields $k/$l. The creation dates of the individual works contained in a compilation are recorded in 046 subfields $o/$p. Catalogers may record a range of dates in a single 046 in subfields $o and $p, or they may give the individual dates of the works in a compilation in multiple 046 fields, in subfields $o/$p.

In authority records for compilations, use subfields $k and $l only for creation dates of aggregates consisting of selections, or for dates of creation of expressions. Do not use subfields $k or $l in work-level records representing complete works (plays, etc.). Use subfields $o and $p instead.

046 __ $k 1937 $2 edtf

100 1_ Akins, Zoë, $d 1886-1958. $t Hills grow smaller (Collection)

380 __ Collection

380 __ Poetry $2 lcgft

386 __ Americans $2 lcdgt

386 __ Women $2 lcdgt

Compilation created in 1937

046 __ $o 1924 $2 edtf

046 __ $o 1940 $2 edtf

046 __ $o 1960 $2 edtf

046 __ $o 1992 $2 edtf

110 1_ Mongolia. $t Constitutions

380 __ Constitutions $2 lcgft

Compilation published in 2009 of the 1924, 1940, 1960, and 1992 constitutions (if later constitutions appear additional 046 $o’s would be added)

046 __ $o 1899 $p 1924 $2 edtf

100 1_ Sibelius, Jean, $d 1865-1957. $t Symphonies

380 __ Symphonies $2 lcgft

382 0_ orchestra $e 1 $t 1 $2 lcmpt

Compilation of symphonies created from 1899 to 1924

046 __ $k 1955 $2 edtf

046 __ $o 1952 $2 edtf

046 __ $o 1954 $2 edtf

100 1_ Asimov, Isaac, $d 1920-1992. $t Martian way and other stories

380 __ Science fiction $a Short stories $a Novellas $2 lcgft

380 __ Anthologies $2 lcsh

Compilation created in 1955, containing three works from 1952 and one from 1954

046 __ $k 2014 $2 edtf

046 __ $o 2003 $2 edtf

046 __ $o 2006 $2 edtf

100 1_ Gay, Marie-Louise. $t Picture books. $k Selections

380 __ Picture books $2 lcgft

380 __ Picture books for children $2 lcsh

385 __ Children $2 lcdgt

Compilation created in 2014, containing two picture books from 2003 and one from 2006

046 __ $k 1984 $2 edtf

046 __ $o 1954 $p 1982 $2 edtf

100 1_ Abbey, Edward, $d 1927-1989. $t Works. $k Selections (1984)

370 __ $g United States $2 naf

381 __ Selections

381 __ Slumgullion stew

386 __ Americans $2 lcdgt

386 __ Men $2 lcdgt

Compilation created in 1984, containing selections of works created from 1954 to 1982

046 __ $k 1994 $2 edtf

130 _0 Aesop's fables. $k Selections (Thuswaldner). $l German

336 __ text $2 rdacontent

377 __ ger

381 __ Thuswaldner

Compilation expressed in 1994 of selections by Thuswaldner translated into German

046 __ $k 1984 $2 edtf

100 0_ Euripides. $t Works. $l Latvian

377 __ lav

381 __ Feldhūns

Compilation expressed in 1984 of Latvian translations by Ā. Feldhūns

046 __ $k 2016 $2 edtf

100 1_ Ada, Alma Flor. $t Memoirs. $k Selections. $h Spoken word $s (Alvarado)

336 __ spoken word $b spw $2 rdacontent

381 __ Selections

381 __ Alvarado

Spoken word recording expressed in 2016 of selections of Alma Flor Ada’s

memoirs, narrated by Trini Alvarado

Relationships

What relationships to other entities should be recorded?

Catalogers have the option to record relationships in 5XX fields to agents responsible for the creation of a work or expression, and to related works and expressions. Any entities recorded in a 5XX field must be established in their own authority records. Follow the PCC Guidelines for the Application of Relationship Designators in NACO Authority Records.

100 1_ Derozio, Henry Louis Vivian, $d 1809-1831. $t Works

500 1_ $w r $i Author: $a Derozio, Henry Louis Vivian, $d 1809-1831

100 1_ Sibelius, Jean, $d 1865-1957. $t Symphonies

500 1_ $w r $i Composer: $a Sibelius, Jean, $d 1865-1957

130 _0 Aesop's fables. $k Selections (Thuswaldner). $l German

500 1_ $w r $i Translator: $a Thuswaldner, Werner, $d 1942-

100 1_ Chopin, Kate, $d 1850-1904. $t Works. $k Selections (2018). $h Spoken word
500 1_$w r $i Narrator: $a Berneis, Susie

100 1_ Chaucer, Geoffrey, $d -1400. $t Works. $f 1598

500 1_ $w r $i Editor: $a Speght, Thomas, $d -1621

500 1_ $w r $i Revised as: $a Chaucer, Geoffrey, $d -1400. $t Works. $f 1602

500 1_ $w r $i Expanded as (expression): $a Chaucer, Geoffrey, $d -1400. $t Works. $f

1602

100 1_ Chaucer, Geoffrey, $d -1400. $t Works. $f 1602

500 1_ $w r $i Editor: $a Speght, Thomas, $d -1621

500 1_ $w r $i Editor: $a Thynne, Francis, $d 1545?-1608

500 1_ $w r $i Revision of: $a Chaucer, Geoffrey, $d -1400. $t Works. $f 1598

500 1_ $w r $i Expanded version of (expression): $a Chaucer, Geoffrey, $d -1400. $t

Works. $f 1598

500 1_ $w r $i Revised as: $a Chaucer, Geoffrey, $d -1400. $t Works. $f 1687

100 1_ Chaucer, Geoffrey, $d -1400. $t Works. $f 1687

500 1_ $w r $i Editor: $a Speght, Thomas, $d -1621

500 1_ $w r $i Revision of: $a Chaucer, Geoffrey, $d -1400. $t Works. $f 1602

110 2_ Radiohead (Musical group). $t Songs. $k Selections

500 1_ $w r $i Derivative (work): $a Reich, Steve, $d 1936- $t Radio rewrite

Of particular importance for compilations is the relationship of a compilation to the works and/or expressions contained in it. Catalogers are encouraged to record such relationships when authority records for the individual works have also been established. The reciprocal relationship of individual work to compilation may also be recorded.

100 1_ Akins, Zoë, $d 1886-1958. $t Hills grow smaller (Collection)

500 1_ $w r $i Author: $a Akins, Zoë, $d 1886-1958

500 1_ $w r $i Container of (work): $a Akins, Zoë, $d 1886-1958. $t Hills grow smaller

(Poem)

Only the title poem in the compilation has been established separately

Reciprocal relationship

100 1_ Akins, Zoë, $d 1886-1958. $t Hills grow smaller (Poem)

500 1_ $w r $i Author: $a Akins, Zoë, $d 1886-1958

500 1_ $w r $i Contained in (work): $a Akins, Zoë, $d 1886-1958. $t Hills grow smaller

(Collection)

100 1_ Asimov, Isaac, $d 1920-1992. $t Martian way and other stories

500 1_ $w r $i Author: $a Asimov, Isaac, $d 1920-1992

500 1_ $w r $i Container of (work): $a Asimov, Isaac, $d 1920-1992. $t Martian way

500 1_ $w r $i Container of (work): $a Asimov, Isaac, $d 1920-1992. $t Youth (Short

story)

500 1_ $w r $i Container of (work): $a Asimov, Isaac, $d 1920-1992. $t Deep

500 1_ $w r $i Container of (work): $a Asimov, Isaac, $d 1920-1992. $t Sucker bait

Reciprocal relationship:

100 1_ Asimov, Isaac, $d 1920-1992. $t Martian way

500 1_ $w r $i Author: $a Asimov, Isaac, $d 1920-1992

500 1_ $w r $i Contained in (work): $a Asimov, Isaac, $d 1920-1992. $t Martian way and

General Guidelines

The following PCC guidelines were developed in consultation with the Library of Congress Policy and Standards Division:

These guidelines apply to PCC catalogers using existing authority records in PCC bibliographic records, creating new authority records, and using existing authority records. For the context of these guidelines, an "RDA acceptable" authority record is one that is coded as AACR2, but the heading would be constructed the same under RDA and applicable LC-PCC PSs.

AACR2 or earlier records that contain the 667 note indicating that the record must be reviewed and/or updated when used in an RDA context are NOT necessarily "RDA acceptable."

Updates to Existing Records

1. For authorized access points in bibliographic records, PCC catalogers will use authorized forms of names and titles established in existing RDA and "RDA acceptable" authority records. Some bibliographic records may contain a mix of authorized headings for different names or titles because the supporting authority records may be coded AACR2 or RDA.

2. If no RDA or "RDA acceptable" AACR2 authority record exists, NACO catalogers will create RDA authority records. The resulting RDA authorized access points will be used as needed on RDA and AACR2 bibliographic records.

3. If using an "RDA acceptable" heading in PCC cataloging, PCC catalogers are strongly encouraged to evaluate and recode the authority record to RDA whenever possible. "Evaluate" means you should check the usage(s) of the entity as recorded in the 670 field(s) of the authority record and assess the correctness of the heading based on the usages recorded. If an "RDA acceptable" authority record is being updated for another reason (for example, to add a 4XX variant, or to add new identifying characteristics), PCC catalogers are required to evaluate and recode the record to RDA. There is one exception to this required recoding, however: when a record is being updated only to change a 5XX field, in response to changing a 1XX in another record, evaluation and recoding of the record with the 5XX is strongly encouraged, but not required. See 5) and 6) below for more information.

4. "RDA acceptable" AACR2 1XX fields may be used as the base element in a new extended RDA authorized access point (such as a name-title or subordinate body record), or as an addition to an RDA authorized access point (such as a place or associated institution). When using an AACR2 1XX heading as the base element in an extended RDA authorized access point, or as an addition to an RDA authorized access point, the AACR2 authority record must be re-coded to RDA. Optionally, any other existing dependent records may also be re-coded to RDA.

5. If the evaluation and re-coding of an existing authority record results in a change to the 1XX field, and that 1XX is also used as a 5XX field in another record, the 5XX field in the other record must be changed per NACO Normalization rules. When updating the record containing the 5XX field, the cataloger is strongly encouraged to evaluate the entire record and re-code it to RDA.

6. If the evaluation and re-coding of an existing authority record will result in a change to a 5XX field, the record in which the 5XX is established as a 1XX must get its 1XX field changed per NACO Normalization rules. When updating the record containing the 1XX field, the entire record must be evaluated and re-coded to RDA.

Note that the automated changes to the LC/NACO authority file for Phase 2 may have recoded an existing extended authority record to RDA (for example, when the abbreviation for "Dept." appeared in a subordinate body), but the base heading itself is still AACR2 because it was not a candidate for a Phase 2 change. Catalogers are strongly encouraged to evaluate and recode the base heading, but there is no requirement to do so.

Conference Headings and Access Points

If an AACR2 authority record exists for an ongoing conference treated collectively (i.e., the heading for the conference does not include the number date or place of any one specific conference), and the heading is acceptable under RDA, PCC catalogers may create new RDA authorized access points for individual instances of the ongoing conference. These RDA authorized access points will include additions such as number, date, and place, according to RDA 11.13.1.8.1. Consult the LC-PCC PS for 11.13.1.8.1 for additional information on references and notes. An authority record for a collective ongoing conference should not be deleted, nor converted to represent a single instance of the ongoing conference.

Undifferentiated Personal Name Authority Records

If an existing authority record for a personal name is an undifferentiated name record and there is now a differentiating attribute available (such as a date of birth, a date of death, a fuller form of name, period of activity, profession or occupation, title of the person including terms of rank, honour, or office, or other designation associated with the person, etc.) for the person related to the resource being cataloged, create an RDA differentiated name authority record for that person, remove the appropriate 670 fields from the undifferentiated record, and report the necessary bibliographic file maintenance. PCC catalogers should not create new undifferentiated authority records, and should not add new entities to existing undifferentiated records. If only a single identity remains on an undifferentiated record (i.e., all other identities are being disambiguated and removed), consult DCM Z1 (008/32) for guidelines on how to replace that record with a new record.

“Undifferentiated” Conventional Collective Title Work and Expression Authority Records

New (October 2, 2020)

In the LC/NACO Authority File, many conventional collective title work and expression authority records for complete and partial compilations of resources by one agent are technically “undifferentiated” records, representing more than one compilation under the same authorized access point. These “undifferentiated” conventional collective title authority records in many cases have already been re-coded to RDA. NACO catalogers working with these “undifferentiated” conventional collective title authority records for compilations of resources by one agent, whether the authority record is coded RDA or AACR2, are encouraged to create differentiated work or expression authorized access points for one or more of the compilations represented by the conventional collective title. The Standing Committee on Standards (SCS) created a FAQ that describes these “undifferentiated” conventional collective title authority records.

The FAQ also gives guidance on optionally creating differentiated work or expression authorized access points for one or more of the compilations represented by the authority record, and guidance on adding 667 cataloger’s note information to these “undifferentiated” conventional collective title authority records with usage procedures, and information on reporting records for deletion.

Changes Taking Place in the LC/NACO Authority File

The LC/NACO Authority File has undergone numerous changes to accommodate RDA implementation. The changes are based on recommendations of the PCC Acceptable Headings Implementation Task Group. PCC catalogers should consult the document Summary of Programmatic Changes to the LC/NACO Authority File: What LC-PCC RDA Catalogers need to know as it contains critical information on working in the LC/NACO Authority File during the RDA transition.

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REFERENCES

1. Library of Congress Catalog https://lccn.loc.gov/2018010715

2. PCC Guidelines for the Application of Relationship Designators in NACO Authority Records. Library of Congress. http://www.loc.gov (accessed February 10, 2019). https://www.loc.gov/aba/pcc/documents/OpCo-2016/PCCSCSSCTTFAuthRDsGuidelinesFinal20160412b.docx

3. RDA Toolkit. https://www.rdatoolkit.org/

4. Library of Congress, https://www.loc.gov/aba/pcc/naco/documents/FAQ-AAP-Collections.docx (accessed October 9, 2020).

5. Library of Congress, PCC Post RDA Test Guidelines. https://www.loc.gov/aba/pcc/rda/PCC%20Post%20RDA%20Test%20Guidelines.html (accessed October 9, 2020)

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Cataloging Metadata Examples : RDA AACR2 LCSH LCC DDC MARC-21 BIBFRAME Etc.

Relationship Designators Only Used in 5XX Fields

Relationship Designators Not Used Within Authorized Access Points

Relationships That Change Over Time

Specificity

Multiple Relationships with the Same Entity

Relationship That Is Unclear

Relationship That Cannot Be Described Using a Relationship Designator

Reciprocal Relationships

Real and Alternate Identities

Specific Cases

Corporate Bodies

Hierarchical Relationships for Related Corporate Bodies

Chronological relationships

Works and Expressions

Works and Expressions

Relating Works and Expressions to Agents

Relating Works/Expressions to Other Works/Expressions

Multiple Entities and Relationships in one Name Authority Record

Subjects

Subject Relationships

General Guidelines

Updates to Existing Records

Conference Headings and Access Points

Undifferentiated Personal Name Authority Records

“Undifferentiated” Conventional Collective Title Work and Expression Authority Records

Changes Taking Place in the LC/NACO Authority File

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